PARTS OF COMPUTER

PARTS OF COMPUTER:

According to the above definition, we can divide computer functionality into three main parts

• Input
• Output
• Process

INPUT 

Input is any data or instructions entered into the computer. Input can be in the form of audio, video, graphics and animations and instructions. Instructions can be 

• Programs
• Commands
• User response

Programs

The program tells a computer what to do and how to do it? These are written instructions in some specific language. (languages will describe future)

Commands

The command causes a program to perform a specific action. Like Ctrl+S for saving a Ms.Word Document

User Response 

 User response is an action that is or can be done by answering any question from the computer like You want to save that file? User has two options, Yes or No, that depends on the user what to response

PROCESS

Computer data processing is any process that uses a computer program to enter data and summarize, analyze or otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be automated and run on a computer. It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data. Because data is most useful when well-presented and actually informative, data-processing systems are often referred to as information systems. In computer, the processing is done by CPU (Central Processing Unit)

OUTPUT 

The output is the data that has been processed into a useful form. The computer takes the input from the user process and produced output. Output also can be text, Audio, Video, graphics, and animations. Output can be in two forms

• Soft Copy
• Hard Copy

Soft Copy:

When you are writing a document, playing a game, watching a video clip, or reading the latest news. Soft copy is what you see on the monitor(Screen). Soft copy is temporary; after you have finished with it, there is nothing solid to hold. You can, however, transfer a soft copy to a disk to transport it

Hard Copy: 

Hard copy can be touched and carried. A hard copy is usually some form of paper output. It is especially helpful if you need to have a colleague look at your work or you need to give your work to a supervisor or teacher.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

There are three main components of computer.

1. Input devices
2. CPU
3. Output Devices

INFORMATION PROCESS CYCLE

Computer process data (input) into information (output).A Computer often holds data, information, and instruction in storage for future use.

The series of input, process, output and storage activities as the information process cycle.

WHAT IS DATA?

Definition:      “Raw facts, figures, events, and transactions are called data”

Example:

• Researchers who conduct market research surveys might ask a member of the public to complete questionnaires about a product or a service. These completed questionnaires are data.
• NADRA prepared the CNIC of Pakistanis by collecting data of people who belongs to Pakistan.
• Some candidates want to take admission in university they will fill admission forms.

Above all are unprocessed and unprepared which is needed to process and work more.

WHY WE NEED DATA

• Facts, statistics used for reference or analysis. 

• Numbers, characters, symbols, images, etc., which can be processed by a computer. 
• Data must be interpreted, by a human or machine, to derive meaning 
• "Data is a representation of information" * 

WHAT IS INFORMATION?

DEFINITION: 

• “Meaning full data is called the information”
• “Processed data is called the information”

WHY WE NEED INFORMATION

• Knowledge derived from study, experience (by the senses), or instruction. 
• Communication of intelligence. 
• "Information is any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people, about things, facts, concepts, etc., in some context." 
• "Information is interpreted data" 

Detail Example:

Some candidates want to take admission so they will fill an admission form containing data about their selves. When this data is organized and arranged by eligibility criteria and admission rules a merit list will be formulated. This merit list is in the form of information of certain students who are eligible for admission.

Data

 Process

Information

Information